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Illustration of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML). Chronic myelogenous leukaemia is a type of cancer affecting the blood and bone marrow, characterised by the overproduction of immature myeloid cells. It is typically caused by a chromosomal abnormality known as the Philadelphia chromosome, in which parts of chromosomes 9 and 22 exchange places, producing the BCR-ABL fusion gene that drives uncontrolled cell growth. It progresses slowly and may be asymptomatic in its early stages. Treatment includes targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors