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Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752 - 1840) - German physician, naturalist, physiologist and anthropologist. He was one of the first to explore the study of mankind as an aspect of natural history. He used comparative anatomy to classify human races, of which he listed five: the Caucasian race or white race, the Mongolian or yellow race, the Malayan or brown race, the Ethiopian, or black race and the American or red race. Although he believed that no race was superior to another, his ideas were adopted by other scientists and promoted scientific racism. Wood engraving, published in 1854.