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John Brown (May 9, 1800 – December 2, 1859) was a white American abolitionist who believed armed insurrection was the only way to overthrow the institution of slavery in the United States. During the 1856 conflict in Kansas, Brown commanded forces at the Battle of Black Jack and the Battle of Osawatomie. Brown's followers also killed five slavery supporters at Pottawatomie.In 1859, Brown led an unsuccessful raid on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry that ended with his capture.Brown's trial resulted in his conviction and a sentence of death by hanging.