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Illustration showing a lumbar vertebra from a caudal perspective. In this inferior view, the vertebral body appears posteriorly, highlighting its broad, weight-bearing structure typical of the lumbar spine. The pedicles and laminae form the vertebral arch, enclosing the vertebral foramen, which is visible from below. The spinous process extends dorsally from the midline, short and thick. The transverse processes project laterally, providing muscle and ligament attachment sites. The inferior articular facets are prominently displayed, oriented laterally and downward to articulate with the vertebra below. Cartilage is blue