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Omsk was founded in 1716 by the troop of the German-born lieutenant colonel of the Russian army Johann D. Buchholz as a border fortress to protect Russia against raids from the southeast, but also as a base for further development of Siberia. Under the influence of the commander-in-chief Ivan Ivanovich Springer, a modern for that time masonry fortress was built on the eastern bank of the Irtysh in 1768. This helped Omsk to continue to exist as a strategically important military base. Omsk has been a city since 1782. In the 19th century, Omsk was a place of exile for dissidents such as Fyodor Dostoyevsky and the Decembrists. Illustration from 19th century.