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Ribonuclease bound to transfer RNA, molecular model. This complex consists of the ribonuclease Z (RNase Z, green and pink) enzyme bound to a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule (orange and blue). RNase is a type of nuclease that catalyses the degradation of RNA (ribonucleic acid) into smaller components in preparation for other genetic processes. tRNA is RNA that transfers a specific active amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the site of protein synthesis during gene translation. RNase Z causes conformational changes to promote reorganization of the catalytic site and tRNA cleavage.