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Illustration showing a thoracic vertebra from a caudal perspective. As part of the thoracic spine, this vertebra contributes to the structural support of the rib cage and protects the spinal cord. Key features include the vertebral body, pedicles, laminae and the spinous process projecting posteriorly. The transverse processes extend laterally and articulate with the ribs via costal facets, unique to the thoracic region. Cartilage (blue) plays a role in intervertebral and costovertebral articulation. This caudal view provides insight into the thoracic vertebra’s robust architecture and its integration within the thoracic cage