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Mary, Queen of Scots (1542-1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was queen regnant of Scotland from 14 December 1542 to 24 July 1567 and queen consort of France from 10 July 1559 to 5 December 1560. Mary was a first cousin once removed to Queen Elizabeth I of England. Mary had previously claimed Elizabeth's throne as her own and in 1587 after an eighteen and a half years incarceration Elizabeth sent her to her death. This portrait is after a miniature by Henry Bone dated 1812. Taken from R. J. Lea, Ltd's first series of Chairman Miniature cigarette cards, 1912. (Photo by The Print Collector/Print Collector/Getty Images)