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Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (1411 – 1460), named Richard Plantagenet, claimant to the throne during the Wars of the Roses. He was a member of the ruling House of Plantagenet by virtue of being a direct male-line descendant of Edmund of Langley, King Edward III's fourth surviving son. He governed as Lord Protector during the incapacitation of King Henry VI. In October 1460 Parliament appointed York as Lord Protector of England. On 30 December, the Lancastrian forces destroyed York's army in the resulting Battle of Wakefield. York was killed in the battle and his decapitation followed. (Photo by: Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)