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Pennsylvania Congressman Brian Fitzpatrick says in floor debate on a bill to clarify the Holocaust Expropriated Art Recovery Act of 2016 to appropriately limit the application of defenses based on the passage of time that the original HERO Act passed with overwhelming bipartisan support in 2016 to ensure Holocaust art claims would be decided on their merits rather than dismissed on technical grounds like the passage of time, but courts did not follow congressional intent and new legal barriers emerged including the Supreme Court's decision in Germany v Philipp which held that Germany's expropriation of German Jews' property during the Holocaust was merely a domestic taking under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, a ruling that if not corrected by Congress would prevent survivors and heirs from recovering most art held by foreign governments and would excuse the historical and moral culpability of Nazi Germany, with roughly thirty thousand Holocaust survivors still alive in the United States many now in their nineties. The bill unanimously passed.